February 17, 2026
The development of up-to-date evidence and consensus based clinical care guidelines and algorithms for pTBI provide guidance to care providers in the prehospital and emergency medicine, surgical and intensive care settings. Few moderately strong conclusions on the benefit of specific management strategies for penetrating brain injury could be made. Detailed reporting of patient outcomes in future studies could advance the field by providing greater evidence for specific treatments by patient population, mechanism of injury, severity of injury, and specific interventions employed.
Brad Elder, MD
Randy S. Bell, MD (CAPT (ret), MC, USN)
Gregory W. J. Hawryluk, MD, PhD
